Heart Failure Seminar: Focus on Novel and Emerging Myocarditis: Recognition and Management-Myocarditis Epidemiology

Myocarditis Epidemiology

Pdf Summary

The document discusses the epidemiology of emerging myocarditis, focusing on various factors such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, long COVID, and beyond. Myocarditis is shown to have a global burden, with an estimated 1.32 million incident cases in 2021, mostly self-limited but with a significant number of deaths. The prevalence of myocarditis varies by age and sex, with males having higher incidence and prevalence. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis are highlighted, with mortality rates ranging from 25-50%. The prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19-associated acute myocarditis are also discussed, indicating a significant impact on hospitalized patients. Surveillance data from Australia on adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, such as myocarditis and pericarditis, is presented, showing an association with certain vaccines. Additionally, the document mentions studies on the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pragmatic study of cardiovascular disease during long-term COVID-19 indicates a need for ongoing monitoring and research in this area. Booster vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is also noted to have a rare occurrence of myocarditis. Overall, the document provides insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of myocarditis, particularly in relation to immune checkpoint inhibitors and COVID-19, as well as the importance of continuous monitoring and research in this field.

Keywords

emerging myocarditis

epidemiology

immune checkpoint inhibitors

long COVID

global burden

incidence

prevalence

risk factors

mortality rates

vaccination