Board Certification Review 2023 Spotlight: Cardiac Transplantation-Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The video features Dr. Sean Penny, a transplant cardiologist at the University of Chicago, giving a talk on immunology and the basics of the immune system. He explains that the immune system consists of the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against bacteria, viruses, and cancer, while the adaptive immune system provides long-term protection against infection and other pathogens. Dr. Penny discusses the different cells that make up the immune system, including lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and antigen-presenting cells. He explains how the immune system differentiates self from non-self using the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Dr. Penny goes on to discuss the activation of T cells and the signaling cascades involved. He also explains the complement activation pathway and its role in the immune system. The video then focuses on histocompatibility testing, including ABO compatibility, HLA matching, and detection of donor-specific antibodies. Dr. Penny explains the solid phase assays used to detect HLA antibodies and calculates the panel of reactive antibodies (PRA) to determine the compatibility between donors and recipients. He also discusses cross-matching techniques, such as the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry, as well as the concept of virtual cross-matching. The video concludes with a discussion on allosensitization and desensitization strategies to increase the probability of finding a compatible donor. Dr. Penny mentions the use of drugs like rituximab, tesamib, carfilzomib, IVIG, plasmapheresis, and eculizumab in desensitization. He emphasizes the importance of detecting alloantibodies, the benefits of virtual cross-matching, and the potential risks associated with desensitization.

Meta Tag

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch immunology

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch allosensitization

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch desensitization

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch innate immunity

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch adaptive immunity

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch lymphocytes

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch human leukocyte angigen (HLA)

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch luminex

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch PRA

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch cPRA

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch crossmatch

Immunology: The Basics, PRA, Sensitization, Crossmatch xmatch

Keywords

immunology

innate immune system

adaptive immune system

T cells

HLA matching

desensitization strategies